Internal-combustion engine



Nov. 15, 1927. 1,649,370

I. H. SPENCER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 14, 1922 5Sheets-Sheet 1 ge -L Nov. 15, I92 7.

l. H. SPENCER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Shets-She Filed Oct. 14, 22

Nov. 15, 1 927. 1,649,370

I. H. SPENCER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Nov.15, l927.-'

burrsor srArEs PATENT QFFECE,

me n. 'srnncnn, or wns'r HARTFORD, oonnnorrcurl m'rnnusnoomnusrronENGINE.

ramification filed October 14, 1822. Serial No. 59 5500.,

of an engine to produce maximum results in.

efiiciency with a minimum expenditure of power. J

7 tion and in the construction and use of which One form of engineembodying my inven the objects herein set out,as' Well as others, may beattained, is illustrated in the acconr panying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a view inside elevation of my improved engine. I

Figure 2 is an end view of the same. Figure 3 is a top View. Figure 4 isa View of the end that shown inFigure 2.

Figure 5 is a view in central vertical longitudinal section through thestructure.

Figure 6 is a view of. a fragment of the engine cut in horizontalsection on a plane denoted by the dotted llne'ti o1 Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a similar view on a plane denoted by the dotted line 7 ofFigure 5.

Figure 8 is another similar View on a plane denoted by the dotted line 8ofl lgure 5.

Figure 9 is a View in vertical section on a opposite to ,nlan denoted bythe dotted line 9-9 of ure 3. I igure Ellis a View of a iragment of thestructure on a horizontal plane denoted by the dotted line 10 of Figure5c I Figure if; is a similar View on a plane de noted by the dotted iinell of Figure 5.

All oil: the views iron; and including fi ure 5 'upwardiy are onenlarged scale.

the ac 'cates the base section of my imyedengie and may be composed ofsuitable material formed to shape in any er and it comprises in a singlea 's upporting base for the cyi j iece not c inders, with a id bearingsitor'the crank shaft, but also a and generator frame 1% embodying a anda generator case 18. I This pump case base section also includesas anintegral s arttherehia starter case 19 and laterally ending enginesupports 20 located at each oi the section, together with a portion 1eac companying drawings the nu portion of crank chambers.

- ments lyiing on opposite sides t 2] of a fly Wheel case, the supports20 at this end of the structure preferably projecting from this case. I

vA pan section 22 of the engine is formed to provide a portion of thecrank shaft bearings and crank chambers, and a section 23 of the flyWheel case constitutes one end of this section' Bottom closing plates24, secured in place in any suitable manner, close va number of bottomopenings into the crank chambers, these openings being located oppositethe cranks on a crank shaft 25 mounted ln'the crank shaft case, whichcase is composed of the base and pan sections of the I structure.

This crankshaft case as a whole is of particular construction, it beingdivided into a number of crank chambers 26, walls of which closelyenclose the cranks, the Walls between adjoining crank chambers beingquite thick and formed with openings 27-28 inthe sections 15 and 22,respectively, the thickness of these Walls being such as to providesuitable bearings for the crank shaft, and as shown in Figure 5 of thedrawing. A fly wheel 29 is secured to the crank shait at one end Withinthe fly Wheel case, and a sprocket Wheel 38 is secured at the oppositeend of the crank shaft and is connected as by a sprocket chain withasproclret element on the end of pump and generator shaft mounted inhearings in the pump. and gencrater irame it. A sprocket chain case 32is remcvabl secured to the end of the sections 15 and 2% to enclose thesprocket chain just hereinabove referred to. Balance segments33,preierably two in number, are secured to squared portions of eachcrank at rank shait end thereoi these segments being oi Weight tocounterbalance the crank, and they may he secured place in any suitablemanner, a in the flat surface receiving the. squarec ortion or thecrank, and screws passi Weights into the crank. orde for irazimumresults in compress segments 35, an extremely diiierent from that ofwhich the are composed, and corresponding thereto, are secured to thesuns. oi the crank H1 a'manner similar pioyed for securing the segmentsnection for the piston rod water cooling system, the said outer wallalso The cylinder section 36 of my improved engine is secured to the toof the base section 15 with the cylinders 1n line with openings 37through the top of the section 15, which openings establishcommunication between the crank chambers in which compression takesplace and the lower ends of the cylinders. This cylinder structure com.-

prises an outer wall 38 forming the entire side surfaces of thestructure, and it also comprises inner or cylinder walls'39 with inwhich the piston chambers 40 are inclosed. The outer wall incloseswaterchambers 41 and 42 at the bottom and top of the structure and comprisinga portion of a inclosing an inlet chamber and exhaust chambers 4344l0cated vertically between saidwater chambers and'within abulgeextending horizontally into the chambers, as shownin Fi re 9. The.inletchamber extends from end to end of the structure, as shown inFigure 11 the cylinders rising through said chamber, and inlet passages45 There is an exhaust chamber 44 ap urtenant to each cylinder, as shownin g; ure 317 with exhaust openings 47 from eac of said chambers into anexhaust manifold 48, this exhaust manifold being integral.

with an inlet manifold. 49, which manifolds consequently comprise anintegral structure removably secured to the side of the engine, as shownin Figure 2 of the drawing. The

inlet manifold communicates in any ordinarymanner with a carbureter 50,and the exhaust manifold has a ,flange 51 for the attachment of anexhaust pipe.

The fluid used for ignition purposes'is admitted in, amanner common todevices of this'class into the cylinders below the pis tons, when thelatter are at theupper limit of their movements, said pistons comprisingthe valves for controlling the inlet ports chambers, as shown .inFigures 6, 7 ,.10 and 46. From the compression chamber inthe lower endsof the cylinders the ignition'fluid flows to the'transfer passages 52'formed in' transfer ribs 53 extending from the top tothe bottom of thecylinder section 36, jutting into the several water, inlet and exhaust11 of the drawings These transfer assages 0 en at the top of thestructure nto atrans er chamber'in a cylinder head to be hereinafterdescribed.

' The wall of the cylinder section 36 is thickened on theflsideoppositethe inlet and exhaust passages and openings, and conduits 54 are formedin said thickened ortions of the walls ztorthe i low of water t roughthe fer chambers for each cylinder.

of the chamber 41 s shown in Figure 9 of the drawings, and in order topromote effective circulation of the water a diaphragm 56 is locateddirectly over the opening from the pump and extends horizontally abouthalf way across the chamber appurtenant to each of the cylinders andpartially surrounding such cylinders. This prevents the water fromflowing fromthe pump directly upward on one side of the cylinders, but.compels such water to traverse the chamber from one side to the other.in its passage from the pumpto water outlets 57 connected to thecylinder head. The pipes 57 may hec'onne'cted to the cylinder'he'ad at anumber of points and with a radiator, and the latter may be connectedwith a water inlet 58 at the bottom of the pump chamber (See Figure 2)in any well known and, ordinarylmanner. The c linder head 59 is re-'movably secured totlie to of the cylinder section 36, shallow trans erchambers 60 being formedin the lower part of the head and into whichchambers the transfer passages 52. extend, as shown in Figure 8 of thedrawings, there being one of these trans- Admissionports 61 open fromthe transfer chambers directly into the tops of the cylinders, and theupper partof each cylmder is formed with a peripheral groove orrecesscomprising a direction passage 62 to ensure entrance ofthe fluidinto the cylinder in a manner to produce maximum results. i w I A check,valve' 63 is employed to close each of the admission .ports 61 and thisvalve is.

, of particular construction in that it is of concaveshape on its upperside and is'of a size substantially that of thecylinder. These valvesare held to their seats as by springs 64 in valve spring pockets 65 inthe upper surface of the cylinder-head, there being a ocket for eachcylinder and each pocket being closed by a cap 66. As the gas enters thecylinders the shapes ofsthe valves and ofthe direction passages causessuchgas to flow. radially towards the center of the cylinder, and thisprevents tendency of the fresh as to mix with the burned gases lowerdown 1n thecyl'nder, with a result that efficiency in gas combustion ispromoted.

A water chamber 67 extends from end to end of the cylinder headandcommunicates with the water chamberr42 by means of passages 68, asshown in Figure Gofthe drawings. The cylinder head is thus provided witha water cooling chamber sur rounding the valve stems,.and this is an advantageous feature of the/cooling system.

A timing device 69 is mounted. on the frame 16 and is operated as bymeans of a shaft extending downwardly through a post 70 and having aworm Wheel in meshwith a worm on the shaft 31, the timing shaft,

worm wheel and worm not being shown, as

admit the proper amounts under all conditions as to speed, it'beingnoted that each valve is of a size in diameter substantially that of thediameterofthe cylinder thereby providing a: maximum area for the actionof pressure thereupon to open the valves and thereby enabling a springof maximum stiffness to be employed for the purpose of accelerating themovements of the valve, all of which contribute to the. automatic actionof the valve to regulate the flow of fluid in accordance with the rateof speed of the en g1Il6.

By employing a valve'of this size with a direction passage in der at theupper end thereof, with corners properly shaped, the flow of fluid is sodirected and controlled as to produce a uniflow engine with a minimumchance for the mix ing of the old and'new gases.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I havedescribed the principlesof operation of my invention, together with thedevice which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof;but I desire to have it understood that therdevice shown is onlyillustrative and that the in-' vention may be carried out by othermeans.

I claim- 1. An engine comprising a. cylinder with appurtenant partsincluding means for compressing fluid, and a valve in the top of thecylinder adapted to be opened by compression of at least equal to thediameter of the cylinder to regulate the inflow of fluid to a degreedethe wall of the cylinisaid fluid for admitting said fluid to thecylinder, said valve being of a size diameter of the cylinder toregulate the inflow ofsaid fluid to a degree depending upon the speedofmovement of the-piston, and a spring to accelerate the -movement ofsaid valve, said spring being located in a position accessible outsideof the cylinder.

3. "An engine comprising a cylinder with appurtenant parts includingapiston arranged to compress an ignition fluid, said cylinder having anenlarged valve chamber forming a groove with curved walls, a valvelocated opposite said groove and of a size at least as large as thediameter of the cylinder, said valve being adapted to be opened bycompression of said fluid "and said valve having its edge conforming inshape to the walls of said groove, and means for closing said valve.

4. An engine comprising a cylinder, a recess in the wall at the upperend of the cylinder forming a direction passage, said recess beinglarger in diameter than said cylinder, means for compressing an ignitionfluid, and a valve movably mounted in the recess and of greater diameterthan the bottom of the latter, said valve and ada ted to be opened bythe compression of sai fluid and acting in connection with said'direction passage to direct flow of fluid into said cylinder.

5. An engine comprising'a' cylinder with appurtenant parts including apiston arranged to compress an ignition .fluid, said.

cylinder having a recess in the side wall constitutin a directionpassage, and a valve, to regu ate admission of fluid tothe cylinder,said valve bein of concaved shape on its upper surface an .ofa size atleast e ual to the diameter of the cylinder to direct ow of fluid to.said direction passage.

6. An engine including a cylinder, an i ition fluid admission port inthe upper en of the cylinder, an annular recess in the wall of thecylinder forminga direction passage for said fluid leaving the admissionport,

said recess being larger in diameter than said cylinder, and a valve forthe admission port movably mounted with its peripheral edge portionoccupying a art of the recess,

whereby all fluid leaving t e admission port must travel around thevalve while passing throu h the direction passage.

7. en ine including a cylinder, an ignition fluid admission port in theupper end of the'cylinder, an annular recess in the wall of the c linderforming a direction passage for sai fluid,'and a valve for the admissionport concaved on its upper surface and. movably mounted with itsperipheral edge portion occupying a part of the recess.

iRA H. SPENCER.

